Everything about Secondary Market Offering totally explained
A
follow-on offering (often just called
secondary offering) is an issuance of
stock subsequent to the company's
initial public offering. A follow-on offering can be either of two types (or a mixture of both): dilutive and non-dilutive. A secondary offering is an offering of securities by a shareholder of the company (as opposed to the company itself, which is a primary offering). For example, Google's initial public offering (IPO) included both a primary offering (issuance of Google stock by Google) and a secondary offering (sale of Google stock held by shareholders, including the founders).
In the case of the
dilutive offering, the company's
board of directors agrees to increase the share
float for the purpose of selling more equity in the company. This new inflow of cash might be used to pay off some
debt or used for needed company expansion. When new shares are created and then sold by the company, the number of
shares outstanding increases and this causes dilution of earnings on a
per share basis. Usually the gain of cash inflow from the sale is strategic and is considered positive for the longer term goals of the company and its shareholders. Some owners of the stock however may not view the event as favorably over a more short term valuation horizon.
The non-dilutive type of follow-on offering is when privately held shares are offered for sale by company directors or other insiders (such as
venture capitalists) who may be looking to diversify their holdings. Because no new shares are created, the offering isn't dilutive to existing shareholders, but the proceeds from the sale don't benefit the company in any way. Usually however, the increase in available shares allows more institutions to take non-trivial positions in the company.
As with an
IPO, the investment banks who are serving as
underwriters of the follow-on offering will often be offered the use of a
greenshoe or over-allotment option by the selling company.
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